Church roofs, lead and the 19th century rebuild
A roof that has been altered once usually has joins that need watching.
St James's church is a good example of what a layered building looks like. The medieval fabric survives, the 19th century work is built onto it, and the roof has to keep water out across both. Church and chapel roofs are often a mixture of covering and sheet metal, and the sheet metal is usually lead.
Lead lasts a long time and fails in particular ways. It expands and contracts with temperature, and if a sheet is too long or fixed too rigidly it creeps downhill and splits. The traditional answer is to lay lead in short bays with raised rolls along the seams and steps called drips where the roof falls, so each sheet can move without tearing. When an old sheet has split at a drip or cracked along a roll, a patch can last a while, but a repeated crack in the same place means the layout is wrong and the section needs relaying.
Sheet lead is graded by code, a figure tied to its weight and thickness. We give no code numbers here, since the choice belongs in a specification for the job and the manufacturer's table. What we do is match the lead in the roof to the lead in the repair and detail it properly: laps that are long enough, clips that hold without pinning the sheet down and flashings let into the wall.
Gutters on a building of this age are often hidden. A parapet or box gutter sits behind a wall or between two slopes, and it can hold water that nobody sees until a stain appears inside. We lift the nearest slates or stone to look and clear what has collected.
Listed building rules apply to anything on the church or on other listed buildings nearby. Consent comes from South Gloucestershire Council. Detailing for sheet metal is covered under lead roofing, and the proposed work can be set out for the council in whatever form it asks.
Words you will hear
- Lead code
- A numbered grade for sheet lead, which tells you how heavy and thick it is.
- Drip
- A step in a lead gutter or flat, letting each sheet overlap the next as the roof falls.
- Roll
- A raised timber core wrapped in lead along a seam, allowing movement without tearing.
- Parapet gutter
- A lead-lined channel running behind a wall at the roof edge.



