Georgian terrace of honey Bath stone with natural slate roofs and chimney stacks

Roofers in Kingsmead

Kingsmead lies just 0.5 road miles north-west of the middle of Bath, in the part of the city where John Strahan began a Georgian expansion in 1727. Its roofs are slate and lead over Bath stone, with gutters hidden behind parapets and fronts that are listed. Behind those parapets, the slate and lead get relaid in the same way they were first put up.

Local roofs

A Georgian square laid out on hospital pasture

The ward takes its name from its Georgian square. In 1727 John Strahan began a large Georgian expansion on pasture owned by St John's Hospital, and the result was Kingsmead Square, laid out in the 1730s, where numbers 12 to 14, Rosewell House, are Grade I listed. The ward later grew well beyond the square. It stretches about a mile west from the city centre, straddling the A4 north of the River Avon, and a boundary review in 2018 extended it east to the river so that most of the city centre now sits inside it.

That history decides the kind of roof you find here. A Georgian terrace is a Bath stone frame with a timber roof tucked behind a parapet, and the places water gets in are seldom the ones you can see from the pavement. The parapet gutter (the lead trough hidden behind the parapet wall) carries rain off the whole slope. The valleys between pitches do the same job where two roofs meet. Lead is dressed over every wall, chimney and dormer, and each of those laps can open with age.

The old Mangotsfield and Bath branch line once ran from Green Park station in Kingsmead, and the station site is now a shopping area. So the ward holds shops, offices and flats as well as houses, and their roofs bring different problems from a terrace: flat membranes, plant, rooflights and awkward access.

The city is a World Heritage Site from edge to edge, and a good part of it, roughly half, falls inside the conservation area. On many Kingsmead jobs the first question is therefore what needs consent. We answer it before we quote, and you get our findings in writing with photographs taken on your own roof.

Council
Bath and North East Somerset Council
From central Bath
0.5 road miles, north-west
Grade I listed
Rosewell House, 12 to 14 Kingsmead Square
Square begun
1727, on St John's Hospital pasture
Green Park station
Closed branch line, now a shopping area

What we find

Hidden gutters behind the cornices of Kingsmead Square

Split lead in the parapet gutterLead expands and contracts with every warm day and cold night, and a long run with too few drips (the small steps that let it move) will crack across the sheet. We walk the gutter, check each lap and the outlet, and look for daylight where the lead meets the wall.
Slipped slates behind the corniceSlates on a Georgian roof hang by nails that are often original or early repairs. We look from the gutter edge for gaps in the courses, loose slates near the valleys and tingles (copper or lead straps) that earlier repairers left behind.
Water marks inside, not outsideIn a tall terrace the stain on a top-floor ceiling can sit a long way from the fault. We trace the damp back to the gutter, chimney or abutment above it, so that you pay to mend the cause and not just the ceiling.

Parapet gutters and valleys behind the Georgian front

The roof that keeps a terrace dry is out of sight, and so are its faults.

Walk along a Georgian street in Kingsmead and you see a stone front, a cornice and a parapet. The roof behind is set back out of view, and between the roof and the parapet sits the gutter that does most of the work. It is a shallow trough, lined with lead and laid to a fall towards an outlet, and every slate on that slope sheds its rain into it. When it fails, the water does not drip down the outside of the wall. It goes into the wall and the timbers.

The lead in these gutters is fixed in lengths, and each length laps over the next at a step called a drip. If the drips are too few, or the sheets are too long, the metal creeps downhill and tears at the folds. Old repairs make it worse: a patch of bitumen smeared over a split holds for a season, then lifts, and now there are two problems in the same place. We look for the original pattern of drips and rolls (the raised timber cores that lead is wrapped over at the joints) and repair to it.

Valleys work on the same principle where two roof pitches meet. The slates are cut to the line of the valley, the lead below carries the water, and a blocked or split valley sends it sideways under the slates. A pigeon nest or a handful of moss in the valley is enough to start the problem, which is one reason a tidy gutter is the cheapest repair on any roof.

Once we have lifted the slates at the edge and seen the lead, we tell you which of three jobs it is: a clean-out, a local repair to the split, or a new run of lead to a better layout. Where the lead is beyond saving, our lead roofing work covers re-laying the gutter, the flashings and the rolls in matching detail, because a Georgian roof should look from the street exactly as it did.

Listed fronts and what consent means in the square

Rosewell House is Grade I, and many neighbours are listed too, so a repair here starts with the rules.

Kingsmead Square was one of the early Georgian speculations in Bath, and the buildings around it have been protected for a long time. Rosewell House, numbers 12 to 14, is Grade I, the highest grade of listing. When a house is listed, the protection takes in the whole building, roof included, and the consent you need is granted by the council, not by a roofer.

B&NES says that the two kinds of permission are separate matters, and that work done on a listed building without authority is a criminal offence. Its guidance is to speak to the council first, before anyone climbs a ladder. For a repair that puts back the same slate, the same lead and the same stone, the conversation with the council may be brief. Changing a covering, adding a roof window or altering a stack is different, and we would not start that without the council's view.

Beyond the listing there is the wider setting. The World Heritage Site boundary follows the city boundary, while the conservation area takes in around half of that ground. Article 4 directions apply on some streets and take away particular freedoms to alter a house without permission; the council's online policy map shows whether yours is one, and it is worth looking before you plan anything the street can see. The council's listed buildings page sets out who to speak to.

Building Regulations are separate again. Two tests decide whether a re-cover is notifiable. Where the work touches below 25% of the building's envelope and below 50% of its roof, approval is not normally required. Past either limit it is, and so is any new covering weighing 15% or more above what came off, which also calls for a structural check. When a job is notifiable, we handle that side with the council's own building control or a registered approver, so you are not chasing forms.

Myth

Putting back the same slates on a listed house is a job the council never needs to hear about.

Fact

Consent for a listed building runs apart from planning permission, and the council asks owners to talk to it before work begins.

Shops, offices and flats in the city-centre ward

Since the 2018 boundary change, Kingsmead takes in most of the centre, and its roofs are not all pitched.

After the 2018 review, Kingsmead runs to the river and covers most of the city centre, so a good share of its buildings are used for trade, not for living. Where Green Park station once stood there is now a shopping area, and the pattern is the same across the ward: shops with flats above, offices in converted houses, and rear extensions with flat roofs added to Georgian buildings long after they were built.

Flat roofs are a different problem from a slate slope. They are laid almost level, so water lingers on them, and the membrane (the waterproof layer, whether felt, EPDM rubber, GRP fibreglass or lead) takes the full weight of every puddle. Failure usually starts at an edge, a pipe penetration or a rooflight kerb, not in the middle of the sheet. We check the upstands where the membrane turns up a wall, the outlets, and the deck underneath, because wet insulation or soft boards beneath a new membrane would mean doing the job twice.

Access matters in a city-centre ward. Streets are narrow, pavements are busy, and a scaffold needs planning for pedestrians and neighbours as well as for the roof. We tell you early what the access will involve, so the cost of reaching the roof is known before work starts. For a commercial building we write the scope so that it can be passed to a landlord or managing agent, and work can be phased around trading hours.

Much of this ward sits inside the conservation area, so even a flat roof at the back can be affected by what the council expects to see. Our flat roofing service covers the membranes and the deck, and for shops, offices and shared buildings the scope is set out under commercial roofing. Each starts with a survey, and the written price that follows it is fixed.

Common flat roof faults in a city-centre building

PartUsual faultWhat we check
Edge upstandMembrane lifting from the wallAdhesion, flashing and the wall behind
OutletBlocked or cracked at the jointFall to the outlet and the pipe below
Rooflight kerbSealant failing at the cornersKerb timber and the lap of the membrane
DeckSoft boards beneath ponded waterMoisture in the boards and insulation

Reading a roof you cannot see from the street

Tall frontages and parapets hide the slope, so a survey has to get up to it.

From the pavement in Kingsmead you see the parapet and perhaps a chimney. You do not see slates, valleys, lead or the state of the timbers, and you cannot tell from below whether the gutter behind the wall is clear. That is why we survey from the roof itself where it is safe to do so, and photograph what we find, so that you can see your own roof as we do.

A good survey on a Georgian building goes in a set order. We start with the outside edge, then the gutters and outlets, then the slopes from the top down, then the chimneys and their flashings. A soaker is a piece of lead bent to sit under one slate course beside a chimney or wall; when it rots, the first sign is damp in the room below the stack, not a missing slate. Inside, we look in the roof void for daylight, wet timber and old stains, because they tell us how long a leak has been running.

Not every roof wants a big job. Many survey findings are small: a few slates re-fixed, a flashing re-dressed, a gutter cleared and the lead checked at its laps. Where a repair will do, that is how we price it, and we recommend more only where the roof requires it. Some Kingsmead buildings have a mansard, which has a near-vertical lower slope pierced by dormer windows; the notes on mansard roofs describe what to look for on them.

If you can see staining, hear dripping in a storm or notice a damp smell on the top landing, a visit is better early than late. We put leaks and storm damage at the head of the queue. We stop the water coming in first, then plan the proper repair with you. The survey costs nothing, and the price we then give is fixed in writing.

Survey first

In a city-centre terrace the fault is rarely where the stain is, so we survey from the roof and fix the cause before the ceiling.

Map showing the location of Kingsmead.

Nearby

Roofers near Kingsmead

Roofing services in Kingsmead

Local questions

Listed front and parapet queries around the square

My Kingsmead terrace has a parapet wall. How do I know if the gutter behind it is leaking?

Look inside first. A damp patch that appears on a top-floor ceiling or at the head of a wall after heavy rain often points to the parapet gutter, not the slates. From outside the gutter cannot be seen, so we get up to it, check the lead at its laps and outlet, and photograph what we find. Many gutter faults turn out to be a blocked outlet or one split at a drip, and both can be repaired without relaying the whole run.

Rosewell House in Kingsmead Square is Grade I. Does that affect houses nearby?

Only where your own building is listed or sits inside a controlled setting, and the council is the body to ask. A listing covers the entire building including its roof, and B&NES is the body that grants consent. Contact its conservation team before work begins and look up your street on the policy map. We can write the repair up in detail, which gives the council a specific proposal to respond to.

Can a shop with flats above in Kingsmead have one roof contractor for both?

Yes. The pitched part and the flat part are surveyed together, and we give one written scope with a fixed price, split into the parts that belong to the shop and the parts that belong to the flats. That lets a landlord, a managing agent or a leaseholder group see which costs fall where. We also plan the scaffold and the working hours with the trading use in mind.

Will you work on a flat roof added to the back of a Georgian house in Kingsmead?

We do, and the survey includes the junction with the old wall, because that is where such extensions usually leak. A flat roof added to a listed or conservation area house can be affected by what the council expects, so we check what applies before we propose a membrane. The deck, upstands and outlets are looked at before any new covering is laid.

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